Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 20 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards and Merits.
Impact Factor:
3.3 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.6 (2023)
Latest Articles
Geological Insights from Porosity Analysis for Sustainable Development of Santos Basin’s Presalt Carbonate Reservoir
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5730; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135730 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs, influenced by depositional and diagenetic processes and characterized by features like faults and vugs that impact storage capacity, require more than traditional Borehole Imaging logs ( ) for accurate porosity data. These data are essential for geological
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Carbonate reservoirs, influenced by depositional and diagenetic processes and characterized by features like faults and vugs that impact storage capacity, require more than traditional Borehole Imaging logs ( ) for accurate porosity data. These data are essential for geological assessments, production forecasting, and reservoir simulations. This work aims to address this limitation by developing methods to measure and monitor the sustainability of carbonate reservoirs and exploring the application of sustainability principles to their management. The study integrates and conventional logs from two wells to classify porosity-based facies within the Barra Velha Formation ( ) in the Santos Basin. The methodology involves four steps: (i) analyzing conventional logs; (ii) segmenting BHI logs; (iii) integrating conventional and segmented BHI logs using Self-Organizing Maps ( ); and (iv) interpreting the resulting classes. Matrix porosity values and non-matrix pore sizes categorize the porosity into four facies: (A to D). The results of this research indicate the following: Facies A has high non-matrix porosity with 14,560 small megapores, 5419 large megapores, and 271 gigapores (71.9%, 26.76%, and 1.34% of the 20,250 pores, respectively). Facies B shows moderate non-matrix porosity with 8,669 small megapores, 2642 large megapores, and 33 gigapores (76.42%, 23.29%, and 0.29% of the 11,344 pores, respectively) and medium matrix porosity. Facies C exhibits low non-matrix porosity with 7749 small megapores, 2132 large megapores, and 20 gigapores (78.27%, 21.53%, and 0.20% of the 9901 pores, respectively) and medium matrix porosity. Facies D has low non-matrix porosity with 9355 small megapores, 2346 large megapores, and 19 gigapores (79.82%, 20.02%, and 0.16% of the 11,720 pores, respectively) and low matrix porosity. The results of this research reveal the effectiveness of a semiautomatic methodology that combines and conventional well logs to distinguish between matrix and non-matrix-related pore spaces, thus enabling a preliminary classification of reservoir facies based on porosity. This study advances our understanding of carbonate reservoir sustainability and heterogeneity, thus offering valuable insights for robust, sustainable reservoir characterization and management in the context of global environmental and geological changes. The novelty of this work lies in integrating data from two sources to classify porosity across the presalt reservoir interval, thus serving as a proxy for preliminary lithofacies identification without core data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Resources and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptation Strategies)
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Open AccessArticle
Optimal Shoot Mass for Propagation to Increase the Yield and Quality of Pineapple
by
Nguyen Quoc Hung, Le Thi My Ha, Dao Thi Lien, Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga and Vu Phong Lam
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5729; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135729 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of shoot mass on the growth, flowering, and yield of pineapple plants in two consecutive crops (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). Four treatments with varying shoot masses (200–300 g, 350–400 g, 450–500 g, >500 g) were analyzed for their flowering
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This study investigates the impact of shoot mass on the growth, flowering, and yield of pineapple plants in two consecutive crops (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). Four treatments with varying shoot masses (200–300 g, 350–400 g, 450–500 g, >500 g) were analyzed for their flowering time, fruit harvesting, and yield parameters. To induce flowering, Ethrel was applied at a concentration of 0.4%. Each shoot was treated with 20–25 mL of Ethrel, resulting in synchronized flowering in the pineapples. The experiment employed a complete randomized block design (RCBD) comprising four treatments. The results reveal that bigger shoot masses lead to earlier flowering and a shorter time for fruit harvesting, ranging from mid-February to early July. Furthermore, this study explored the yield factors, showing that shoot masses of 350–500 g consistently result in higher harvest numbers, fruit weights, and theoretical yields. The influence of shoot mass on fruit quality parameters, including size, biochemical composition, and edibility, was also examined. Notably, smaller shoot masses are associated with higher dry matter, vitamin C, sugar, and brix levels, indicating superior quality. The findings suggest that optimizing shoot mass could significantly impact the pineapple cultivation timeline, yield, and fruit quality, providing valuable insights for pineapple farmers and cultivators. These findings carry profound implications for pineapple cultivation practices and market strategies. By optimizing shoot mass, growers can strategically adjust planting schedules to capitalize on favorable flowering and harvesting periods, potentially enhancing market competitiveness. Moreover, the insights gleaned regarding fruit quality parameters offer avenues for targeted marketing strategies, catering to discerning consumer preferences for superior-quality produce. Thus, this study not only advances scientific understanding but also provides actionable insights that could revolutionize pineapple cultivation practices and market positioning strategies, ultimately benefiting farmers and cultivators alike.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Sustainable Development, 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Comparing the Effects of Erosion and Accretion along the Eastern Coast of Río de Janeiro and Guanabara Bay in Brazil
by
Silvia V. González Rodríguez, Vicente Negro Valdecantos, José María del Campo and Vanessa Torrodero Numpaque
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5728; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135728 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a general research project investigating the coastal landscapes’ evolution in different port cities of the American continent with a common historical background: colonization. The general aim is to ascertain whether the evolution of coastal landscapes in
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This paper presents a case study of a general research project investigating the coastal landscapes’ evolution in different port cities of the American continent with a common historical background: colonization. The general aim is to ascertain whether the evolution of coastal landscapes in the selected port cities is influenced by the origins of their colonizers, who initiated changes that shaped these cities into repositories of artistic, cultural, and historical heritage. The paper presents a study of the coastal landscape transformation in Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara Bay, Brazil. The study employs a comparative approach, utilizing cartographic maps from disparate historical periods, with the objective of identifying and quantifying changes in the coastline. The results indicate that accretion exceeded erosion over the study period. The erosion is associated with the loss of mangroves, underscoring the necessity for environmental protection and reconstruction efforts in affected regions. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the coastal transformation in Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara Bay and its impact on the environment. Furthermore, it allows for a comparison with the port cities of the other case studies in the overall research.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Anthropic Impacts in Marine Coastal Waters: Assessment, Case Studies and Solutions)
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Open AccessArticle
Assessing the Role of Air Nanobubble-Saturated Water in Enhancing Soil Moisture, Nutrient Retention, and Plant Growth
by
Yeganeh Arablousabet and Arvydas Povilaitis
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5727; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135727 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Nanobubble-saturated water (NBSW) has received significant attention in water management in recent years. Therefore, three parallel experiments (E1, E2, and E3) were conducted on two silty loam soils (one with 12.11% higher clay) and sandy loam soil, with additional biochar amendments in each
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Nanobubble-saturated water (NBSW) has received significant attention in water management in recent years. Therefore, three parallel experiments (E1, E2, and E3) were conducted on two silty loam soils (one with 12.11% higher clay) and sandy loam soil, with additional biochar amendments in each soil type, to assess air NBSW’s impact on soil moisture, nutrient retention, and plant growth. The results revealed increased soil moisture retention in the sandy loam and silty loam soils with a lower clay content. It reduced the K+ input compared to conventional watering without highly affecting the amount of leached-out substances. Biochar amendment significantly reduced the TDS losses from silty loam with a higher clay content and reduced the leaching of NO3−, Ca2+, and K+ from sandy loam soil. Air NBSW enhanced the stomatal conductance in California pepper plants in silty loam and sandy loam soils but had no effect on silty loam with a higher clay content. A decrease in chlorophyll concentrations and stomatal conductance was observed when air NBSW was combined with biochar in sandy loam soil. The study highlighted that air NBSW alone does not significantly affect water and nutrient retention or key plant parameters. However, its combination with biochar can enhance agricultural water management and sustainability by increasing soil moisture retention and reducing nutrient leaching.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pollution Prevention, Mitigation and Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Antibiotic Residues in Struvite Fertilizers Precipitated by Different Processes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
by
Elke Bloem, Sophia Albert, Maria Thiel, Paul Keßeler, Joachim Clemens, Andreas Kolb and Thomas Dockhorn
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5726; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135726 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Struvite (MgNH4PO4ꞏ6H2O) is a precipitation product that can be obtained in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and represents a promising fertilizer and technical solution for phosphorus recovery. Struvite can be recovered from the wastewater stream, during sludge
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Struvite (MgNH4PO4ꞏ6H2O) is a precipitation product that can be obtained in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and represents a promising fertilizer and technical solution for phosphorus recovery. Struvite can be recovered from the wastewater stream, during sludge digestion or by accelerated acid leaching from sludge followed by solid–liquid separation and struvite precipitation from the liquid phase. Moreover, struvite can be precipitated from industrial effluents or agricultural wastes. The resulting products are of different purity. Antibiotic residues are a relevant class of contaminants as already traces can induce or promote the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The aim of the current study was a screening of struvite raw materials precipitated by different processes in German WWTPs for their contamination by selected antibiotics out of the classes of sulfonamides (SAs), fluoroquinolones (FQs) and tetracyclines (TCs). Slightly higher antibiotic residues were detected when struvite was precipitated from the solid phase with a maximum of 133 µg TCs, 484 µg FQs and 8 µg SAs compared to 8 µg TCs, 86 µg FQs and 9 µg SAs per kg dry weight (DW) when struvite was obtained from the liquid phase. FQs were most frequently found in low but quantifiable concentrations in almost all struvite raw materials. Yet, the contamination level of struvite from WWTPs can generally be regarded as low compared to sewage sludge. Products received from effluents from the food industry were found to be almost free of antibiotic residues.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Prediction on Demand for Regional Online Car-Hailing Travel Based on Self-Attention Memory and ConvLSTM
by
Jianqi Li, Wenbao Zeng, Weiqi Liu and Rongjun Cheng
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5725; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135725 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
High precision in forecasting travel demand for online car-hailing is crucial for traffic management to schedule vehicles, hence reducing energy consumption and achieving sustainable development. Netflix demand forecasting relies on the capture of spatiotemporal correlations. To extract the spatiotemporal information more fully, this
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High precision in forecasting travel demand for online car-hailing is crucial for traffic management to schedule vehicles, hence reducing energy consumption and achieving sustainable development. Netflix demand forecasting relies on the capture of spatiotemporal correlations. To extract the spatiotemporal information more fully, this study designs and develops a novel spatiotemporal prediction model with multidimensional inputs (MSACL) by embedding a self-attention memory (SAM) module into a convolutional long short-term memory neural network (ConvLSTM). The SAM module can extract features with long-range spatiotemporal dependencies. The experimental data are derived from the Chengdu City online car-hailing trajectory data set and the external factors data set. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed model has higher accuracy. The proposed model outperforms the Sa-ConvLSTM model and has the highest prediction accuracy, shows a reduction in the mean absolute error (MAE) by 1.72, a reduction in the mean squared error (MSE) by 0.43, and an increase in the R-squared (R2) by 4%. In addition, ablation experiments illustrate the effectiveness of each component, where the external factor inputs have the least impact on the model accuracy, but the removal of the SAM module results in the most significant decrease in model accuracy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation and Data Science Application)
Open AccessArticle
Economic Valuation of the University of Brasília Arboretum and Determinants of Willingness to Pay for the Arboretum
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Manuella de Rezende Alvares, Humberto Angelo, Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida, Maristela Franchetti de Paula, Alexandre Anders Brasil and Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli Matricardi
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5724; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135724 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Despite forest remnants being crucial components of the urban environment, they have been insufficiently studied in terms of their economic value. This study aimed to assess the economic value of the Arboretum at the University of Brasília (UnB) in the Federal District, using
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Despite forest remnants being crucial components of the urban environment, they have been insufficiently studied in terms of their economic value. This study aimed to assess the economic value of the Arboretum at the University of Brasília (UnB) in the Federal District, using the contingent valuation method (CVM) from environmental economics to facilitate effective preservation measures. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to the university population of UnB residing in the Federal District. The findings indicated a willingness among the university community to contribute to the conservation of the Arboretum. Specifically, the study estimated the economic value of the environmental asset, determined the likelihood of willingness to pay (WTP), calculated the average monthly WTP, and analyzed the respondents’ profiles to identify the factors influencing WTP. Among the psychographic, environmental, and socioeconomic variables, only the variables related to environmental segmentation were statistically significant determinants of WTP. The analysis showed that individuals with a greater understanding of ecology were more inclined to express willingness to pay for the Arboretum. Thus, the variable “EK” was identified as an important predictor of environmentally favorable behaviors. The study concluded that the Arboretum’s estimated economic value in 2020 was BRL 57,890,196.00 (with USD 1.00 = BRL 5.25), and the willingness to pay for this environmental asset was estimated at BRL 5.33 per month, consistent with values estimated for other conservation units in Brazil. This willingness to pay makes it possible to generate subsidies for the development of public policies and management strategies to improve and preserve the Arboretum.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Sustainable Development through Environmental, Behavioral, and Foresight Economics)
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Open AccessArticle
The Role of Urban Design in Creating Resilient Public Open Spaces Surrounding Urban Small Watercourses: A Case Study of the Kumodraz Stream in Belgrade
by
Visnja Sretovic Brkovic and Aleksandra Djukic
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5723; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135723 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Small urban watercourses, often neglected and underdeveloped, have the potential to become integrated parts of the network of urban open public spaces. In this process, urban design plays the key role in their functioning and resilience, strengthening their capacity as high-quality open spaces.
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Small urban watercourses, often neglected and underdeveloped, have the potential to become integrated parts of the network of urban open public spaces. In this process, urban design plays the key role in their functioning and resilience, strengthening their capacity as high-quality open spaces. The current principles and roles of urban design only partially meet the requirements in making these spaces resilient. This article questions the existing principles and roles of the current practice and proposes a different perspective on the urban design of open public spaces surrounding small urban watercourses, within a framework of socio-ecological resilience. The research consisted of two parts. In the first part, based on both the specific characteristics of the public open spaces surrounding small urban watercourses and discussions of their quality, framed by the concept of socio-ecological resilience, a set of attributes was developed that defined their quality. In the second part, this set was tested through a case study of the Kumodraz stream in Belgrade, Serbia and translated into responsive urban design guidelines in a specific context. This was supported by a pilot survey of 346 potential users of the location. The findings of the case study show that urban design occupies a redefined and very specific position in the revitalization process of open public spaces surrounding small urban watercourses. In addition to its fundamental role in increasing the capacity of spaces and creating high-quality open spaces, it also helps to establish an integrated approach to the revitalization of the spaces surrounding small urban watercourses in a local context.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Built Environment, 2nd Volume)
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Open AccessArticle
Deep Low-Carbon Economic Optimization Using CCUS and Two-Stage P2G with Multiple Hydrogen Utilizations for an Integrated Energy System with a High Penetration Level of Renewables
by
Junqiu Fan, Jing Zhang, Long Yuan, Rujing Yan, Yu He, Weixing Zhao and Nang Nin
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5722; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135722 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
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Integrating carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology into an integrated energy system (IES) can reduce its carbon emissions and enhance its low-carbon performance. However, the full CCS of flue gas displays a strong coupling between lean and rich liquor as carbon dioxide liquid
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Integrating carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology into an integrated energy system (IES) can reduce its carbon emissions and enhance its low-carbon performance. However, the full CCS of flue gas displays a strong coupling between lean and rich liquor as carbon dioxide liquid absorbents. Its integration into IESs with a high penetration level of renewables results in insufficient flexibility and renewable curtailment. In addition, integrating split-flow CCS of flue gas facilitates a short capture time, giving priority to renewable energy. To address these limitations, this paper develops a carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) method, into which storage tanks for lean and rich liquor and a two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) system with multiple utilizations of hydrogen including a fuel cell and a hydrogen-blended CHP unit are introduced. The CCUS is integrated into an IES to build an electricity–heat–hydrogen–gas IES. Accordingly, a deep low-carbon economic optimization strategy for this IES, which considers stepwise carbon trading, coal consumption, renewable curtailment penalties, and gas purchasing costs, is proposed. The effects of CCUS, the two-stage P2G system, and stepwise carbon trading on the performance of this IES are analyzed through a case-comparative analysis. The results show that the proposed method allows for a significant reduction in both carbon emissions and total operational costs. It outperforms the IES without CCUS with an 8.8% cost reduction and a 70.11% reduction in carbon emissions. Compared to the IES integrating full CCS, the proposed method yields reductions of 6.5% in costs and 24.7% in emissions. Furthermore, the addition of a two-stage P2G system with multiple utilizations of hydrogen further amplifies these benefits, cutting costs by 13.97% and emissions by 12.32%. In addition, integrating CCUS into IESs enables the full consumption of renewables and expands hydrogen utilization, and the renewable consumption proportion in IESs can reach 69.23%.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Gravity Model Using the Techniques of Road Saturation and Hilbert Curve Dimensionality Reduction
by
Liumeng Yang, Ruichun He, Jie Wang, Hongxing Zhao and Huo Chai
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5721; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135721 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
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In this study, we investigate the relationship between parameters and the dynamic behavior of traffic flow in road traffic systems, and we propose a segmented cost function to describe the effects of this flow on the dynamic gravity model at different saturation levels.
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In this study, we investigate the relationship between parameters and the dynamic behavior of traffic flow in road traffic systems, and we propose a segmented cost function to describe the effects of this flow on the dynamic gravity model at different saturation levels. We use single-parameter bifurcation analysis, maximum Lyapunov exponent calculation, and three-parameter bifurcation analysis to reveal the effects of parameter variations on the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the modified gravity model, and we investigate the evolution laws of the traffic system in depth. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor visualization ability in traditional dynamics analysis techniques, this paper proposes the Hilbert curve dimensionality reduction technique, which can completely retain the original data features. The three-dimensional pseudo-Hilbert curve is used to traverse the three-parameter bifurcation data, realizing the transformation of data from three- to one-dimensional. Then, the two-dimensional pseudo-Hilbert curve is used to traverse the reduced one-dimensional data, and the two-dimensional visualization of the three-parameter bifurcation diagram is successfully realized. The dimensionality reduction technique provides a new way of thinking for parameter analysis in the engineering field. By analyzing the two-dimensional bifurcation plan obtained after this reduction, it is found that the modified gravity model is more stable compared with the original model, and this conclusion is also verified by the wavelet transform results. Finally, a new robustness evaluation index is defined based on the dynamics of the model, and the simulation results reveal the intrinsic correlation between the saturation parameter and road congestion, which provides an important basis for promoting sustainable transportation in the road network.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Delivering Goods Sustainably: A Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Programming Approach for E-Commerce Logistics in Taiwan
by
Kang-Lin Chiang
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5720; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135720 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
With the booming development of e-commerce, the importance of controlling carbon emissions has become increasingly prominent in Taiwan. This study explores the trade-offs among time, cost, quality, and carbon emissions (TCQCE) in e-commerce logistics. Will carbon emissions mitigation lead to decreased logistics efficiency
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With the booming development of e-commerce, the importance of controlling carbon emissions has become increasingly prominent in Taiwan. This study explores the trade-offs among time, cost, quality, and carbon emissions (TCQCE) in e-commerce logistics. Will carbon emissions mitigation lead to decreased logistics efficiency and increased costs? This article differs from other studies that use precise numbers and linear model situations. This study adopts fuzzy theory, nonlinear methods, and multi-objective programming models closer to the actual situation to study the decision-making between delayed logistics delivery times and reduced carbon emissions. This article also uses Project D as a case to enhance readers’ understanding of decision-making methods in real-life e-commerce logistics cases. The results show that extended delivery times could significantly reduce carbon emissions, ranging from 5259.31 to 419,199.60 tons, and reduce delivery quality under the 90.00% threshold and even under 75.25%. Extending delivery times is a viable business strategy, particularly by extending delivery to push carbon reduction policies to minimize environmental impact. However, consumer acceptance is crucial, as consumers willing to embrace longer wait times can significantly contribute to emission mitigation and support businesses committed to sustainability. This research uses a fuzzy nonlinear multi-objective programming model (FNMOPM) to contribute novel time management to mitigate carbon emissions. Moreover, this study uses a fuzzy and nonlinear approach to fill in the gaps of previous research to balance the efficiency and carbon emission mitigation goals of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) principles. The framework presented in this article solves the complex trade-off situations in the TCQCE issues. This article provides practical, actionable guidance for decision-making regarding sustainable e-commerce logistics, instilling confidence in its implementation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Low Carbon Economy and Sustainable Development)
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Open AccessArticle
Spatiotemporal Population Projections within the Framework of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: A Seoul, Korea, Case Study
by
Youngeun Kang and Gyoungju Lee
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5719; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135719 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
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Despite evidence of the growing importance of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) in addressing climate change globally, there is a gap in research concerning the prediction of regional SSP populations. This study aims to project Seoul’s population from 2020 to 2100 under various SSPs
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Despite evidence of the growing importance of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) in addressing climate change globally, there is a gap in research concerning the prediction of regional SSP populations. This study aims to project Seoul’s population from 2020 to 2100 under various SSPs and to interpolate this population through a spatiotemporal approach. Utilizing data from the Korea National Statistical Office and international socioeconomic scenario data, we applied a regression model for predicting population growth. This was supplemented with population projections derived from cohort modeling to enhance accuracy. Population allocation within each grid was determined based on the total floor area of residential buildings. To reflect shifting population demands, we adjusted long-term population trends using observed building completion dates from 2010 to 2020. By 2100, SSP3 is projected to have Seoul’s lowest population at 2,344,075, while SSP5 is expected to have the highest at 5,683,042. We conducted an analysis of grid population characteristics based on SSPs and verified the accuracy of our findings. Our results underscore the importance of refined population estimates for sustainable urban planning, indicating the potential for extending grid population estimates to other regions.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Assessment of the Level of Digitalization of Polish Enterprises in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
by
Dominik Kowal, Małgorzata Radzik and Lucia Domaracká
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5718; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135718 (registering DOI) - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Due to the dynamic development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the operation of enterprises, and the increasing demands of customers, more and more companies have taken and continue to take action
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Due to the dynamic development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the operation of enterprises, and the increasing demands of customers, more and more companies have taken and continue to take action to increase the level of digitalization. The implementation of innovative solutions contributes to the sustainability development of enterprises in various areas (economic, environmental, and social), streamlining processes and increasing effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of work. Such activities also contribute to the effective use of new opportunities by companies and strengthen their competitiveness and market position. The use of digital technologies increases the capacity of companies to innovate and grow, which brings significant benefits in terms of efficiency and competitiveness. The authors attempted to analyze and assess the level of digital transformation in enterprises in Poland. This study aimed to review the current state of digitization of companies, which made it possible to diagnose the level of digital maturity of Polish enterprises and to identify areas that will determine the activities of companies to quickly increase their competitiveness or improve internal processes. Qualitative and comparable methods were used in the analysis. The results show that the degree of digitization of Polish enterprises is increasing, and, in particular, was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly half of the companies analyzed declared that they are increasing their budget for digitalization. The presented study has cognitive value regarding the assessment of the level of digitization of Polish enterprises. Both managers and decision-makers can benefit from the results of the study because decision-making regarding the development of SMEs is crucial to the effectiveness of the industrial strategy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industry 4.0 Technologies for Sustainable Manufacturing and Supply Chain Operations)
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Open AccessArticle
Synergistic Impact of Internet of Things and Big-Data-Driven Supply Chain on Sustainable Firm Performance
by
Qingyu Zhang, Aman Ullah, Sana Ashraf and Muhammad Abdullah
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5717; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135717 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
The crucial shift towards sustainable and circular practices is evident in the dynamic and environmentally focused landscape of the fast fashion industry. This study explores how internet of things (IOT) and big-data-driven supply chain (BDSC) technologies mitigate the environmental footprint of fast fashion
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The crucial shift towards sustainable and circular practices is evident in the dynamic and environmentally focused landscape of the fast fashion industry. This study explores how internet of things (IOT) and big-data-driven supply chain (BDSC) technologies mitigate the environmental footprint of fast fashion manufacturing. A survey was conducted on individuals (n = 342) employed in the fast fashion manufacturing sector in Guangzhou, China. Deriving from the resource-based view (RBV) theory, IOT shows a significantly positive influence on firm performance through the mediation of green supply chain management (GSCM) and circular economy (CE) practices. Moreover, moderation of BDSC further strengthens the influence of IOT, GSCM and CE practices. Our empirical analysis investigates the synergistic impact of IOT and BDSC technologies to enhance the overall performance of CE supply chains. The research provides novel insights to improve the environmental sustainability of fast fashion sector.
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(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Multisensory Attractiveness of Cosmetic Packaging: A Study of Visual and Tactile Design Elements and Attractiveness Factors
by
I-Chen Wang, Yi-Ru Jiang, Yu-Wei Wang and Chun-Ying Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5716; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135716 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
The prevalence of e-commerce has led to a significant increase in online shopping among consumers, resulting in a surge in returns due to discrepancies between received products and consumer expectations. To resolve this issue, many retailers resort to disposing of returned items, contributing
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The prevalence of e-commerce has led to a significant increase in online shopping among consumers, resulting in a surge in returns due to discrepancies between received products and consumer expectations. To resolve this issue, many retailers resort to disposing of returned items, contributing to wastage and environmental pollution, thereby obstructing the path to environmental sustainability. Understanding consumer expectations during the design phase holds promise for addressing this challenge. While most designers still primarily consider the visual aspect, they often overlook the emotional experiences and overall evaluations emphasized by consumers through tactile sensations during product usage. Therefore, this study employs the Miryoku Engineering approach to explore the visual and tactile attractiveness aspects and elements of cosmetic box designs for young women aged 20–30 in Taiwan. Through Evaluation Grid Method interviews, 4 attractiveness styles, 7 original attractiveness evaluations, and 35 specific conditions were identified. The results show that tactile sensations can compensate for the limitations of visual evaluations when assessing products. Participants with extensive makeup experience tended to evaluate cosmetic boxes based on both visual and tactile sensations, whereas those with moderate makeup experience focused on visual sensations and functionality. The selection of materials that prioritize sustainability and reusability in the design of cosmetic packaging can enhance brand image. In addition, this study elaborates on the visual and tactile aspects of cosmetic box designs that attract young women aged 20–30 in Taiwan. The aim is to provide future designers with insights from this study to meet young consumers’ expectations regarding the tactile and usage experience of cosmetics, thereby addressing the issue of high return rates, achieving the vision of sustainable development, and fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.5.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Product Design, Manufacturing and Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Phytoremediation of Tungsten Tailings under Conditions of Adding Clean Soil: Microbiological Research by Metagenomic Analysis
by
Xiaojun Zheng, Qi Li, Yang Peng, Zongli Wang and Ming Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5715; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135715 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
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Vegetation coverage of metal tailings is an important method for environmental governance. Colonization of plants on some nutrient-poor tailings is difficult. Therefore, the addition of clean soil (CSA) is needed to support plant growth. However, the promotion of plant growth by CSA has
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Vegetation coverage of metal tailings is an important method for environmental governance. Colonization of plants on some nutrient-poor tailings is difficult. Therefore, the addition of clean soil (CSA) is needed to support plant growth. However, the promotion of plant growth by CSA has been widely reported, and there is a lack of reports on the effects of CSA on soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling-related genes. In this study, using ryegrass as the selected plant, the phytoremediation of tungsten tailings was conducted under conditions of CSA. The research focused on investigating the variation in the microbial community’s structure and elucidating variations in the metabolic pathways and relative abundance of nutrient cycling genes. The results suggest that CSA and planting ryegrass increased the microbial richness in tailings. CSA had a negative impact on the microbial community’s evenness (Shannon index) and richness (Simpson index). In all treatments, the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota ranged from 64.4% to 75.2% and dominated the microbial community. High levels of CSA (T3) reduced the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota by 10–13%, and a higher relative abundance of Ascomycota was observed after planting ryegrass. At the genus level, the growth of ryegrass benefitted from a decrease in the abundance of Pseudomonas, Phenobacterum, and Sphingobium after CSA. Cultivation of ryegrass increased the relative abundance of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium (0.9%), which is beneficial for the sustainability of soil remediation in tailings. Metabolism was the primary activity process of microorganisms in tailing soil, with a relative abundance of 71.3% to 72.7%. Generally, the changes in the microbial community’s composition indicated that CSA and cultivation of ryegrass were beneficial for tailings. Still, the negative effects of CSA on microbial evenness (Shannon index) and richness (Simpson index) need attention.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Impact of the Henan Section of the Central Line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion on the High-Quality Development of Water-Receiving Cities
by
Ken Sun, Tianshu Yan, Chang Liu, Zhenzhen Yang, Jingmin Han and Li Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5714; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135714 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
The Henan section of the Central Line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (CLPSNWD) plays a crucial role within the overall project, serving as both the water source area and the largest recipient of water. This study aims to construct a comprehensive evaluation index
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The Henan section of the Central Line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (CLPSNWD) plays a crucial role within the overall project, serving as both the water source area and the largest recipient of water. This study aims to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the high-quality development (HQD) of water-receiving cities (WRCs), considering both the “quantity” and “quality” aspects. Based on the dimensions of economic vitality, people’s livelihoods, environment, and green development, twelve indicators were assessed to examine the influence of the Henan section of the CLPSNWD on the HQD of WRCs. The analysis reveals the following findings: (1) The CLPSNWD has a more significant influence on the economic vitality and improvement of livelihoods in the cities along its route compared to its impact on environment and green development. (2) Among the cities along the route, Anyang, Hebi, and Zhengzhou experience a higher level of impact from the project compared to other cities along the route. (3) Analyzing the impact in different dimensions reveals that in the dimension of economic vitality, the impact of each city on HQD is similar to the overall trend. In the dimension of people’s livelihood and environment, Hebi has experienced the greatest amount of change, while in the dimension of green development, the cities are more unstable, with increases and decreases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development Trends in Environmental Economics, Environmental Policy, and Regional Sustainability—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Towards Sustainable Urban Mobility: Leveraging Machine Learning Methods for QA of Meteorological Measurements in the Urban Area
by
David Sládek, Lucie Marková and Václav Talhofer
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5713; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135713 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Non-professional measurement networks offer vast data sources within urban areas that could significantly contribute to urban environment mapping and improve weather prediction in the cities. However, their full potential remains unused due to uncertainties surrounding their positioning, measurement quality, and reliability. This study
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Non-professional measurement networks offer vast data sources within urban areas that could significantly contribute to urban environment mapping and improve weather prediction in the cities. However, their full potential remains unused due to uncertainties surrounding their positioning, measurement quality, and reliability. This study investigates the potential of machine learning (ML) methods serving as a parallel quality control system, using data from amateur and professional weather stations in Brno, Czech Republic. The research aims to establish a quality control framework for measurement accuracy and assess ML methods for measurement labelling. Utilizing global model data as its main feature, the study examines the effectiveness of ML models in predicting temperature and wind speed, highlighting the challenges and limitations of utilizing such data. Results indicate that while ML models can effectively predict temperature with minimal computational demands, predicting wind speed presents greater complexity due to the higher spatial variability. Hyperparameter tuning does not significantly influence model performance, with changes primarily driven by feature engineering. Despite the improved performance observed in certain models and stations, no model demonstrates superiority in capturing changes not readily apparent in the data. The proposed ensemble approach, coupled with a control ML classification model, offers a potential solution for assessing station quality and enhancing prediction accuracy. However, challenges remain in evaluating individual steps and addressing limitations such as the use of global models and basic feature encoding. Future research aims to apply these methods to larger datasets and automate the evaluation process for scalability and efficiency to enhance monitoring capabilities in urban areas.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transportation Planning and Land Use in Urban and Rural Sustainable Development)
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Open AccessArticle
Cross-Country Comparison of Risk Factors in Public–Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development: Evidence from Colombia, Kazakhstan, and Ghana
by
Andrey Samoilov, Robert Osei-Kyei, Meruyert Kussaiyn, Almas Mamyrbayev and Yerzhan Mukashev
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135712 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
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Governments enter into public–private partnership (PPP) agreements to attract private financing and bring innovation to the development of their sustainable public infrastructure; however, PPP projects are marked by their complexity and are driven by uncertain economic and institutional environments. The purpose of this
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Governments enter into public–private partnership (PPP) agreements to attract private financing and bring innovation to the development of their sustainable public infrastructure; however, PPP projects are marked by their complexity and are driven by uncertain economic and institutional environments. The purpose of this study is to conduct a cross-country comparison of PPP risks in three developing countries (Colombia, Kazakhstan, and Ghana) and provide insights into their best practices. The research surveyed diverse risk factors involving 261 local respondents with pertinent experience in PPPs. The study conducted Cronbach’s alpha and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance tests to check the validity of responses, an ANOVA test to examine the differences in the risk perceptions, and risk ranking to reveal the country-specific as well as top-rank risks in the countries. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed risk aversion among developing countries with PPP programs at different maturity stages. Less mature programs, with lower overall investment, exhibited greater overall risk aversion (for Kazakhstan) and greater concerns about transparency and corruption (for Ghana). Highly populated countries with more mature PPP programs that rely significantly on transportation projects demonstrated higher risk aversion regarding the social and political legitimacy of PPPs and land acquisition (for Colombia).
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Spatio-Temporal Variations and Drivers of Carbon Storage in the Tibetan Plateau under SSP-RCP Scenarios Based on the PLUS-InVEST-GeoDetector Model
by
Xiaodong Huang, Xiaoqian Liu and Ying Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5711; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135711 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
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Enhancing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems has become a key strategy for mitigating climate change. The Tibetan Plateau holds a pivotal position in achieving carbon neutrality, with the structural pattern of its land use types directly impacting the region’s ecosystem carbon storage capacity.
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Enhancing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems has become a key strategy for mitigating climate change. The Tibetan Plateau holds a pivotal position in achieving carbon neutrality, with the structural pattern of its land use types directly impacting the region’s ecosystem carbon storage capacity. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the spatial distribution of carbon storage in their ecosystems. This study targeted the Tibetan Plateau, utilizing land use data from 2000 to 2020, and employed the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model to project land use patterns for 2030. By integrating future climate change projections, this study forecasted land use under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model was employed to quantify carbon storage from 2000 to 2030, while the GeoDetector model was used to explore the driving influences of factors such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Net Primary Productivity (NPP), population density, and road network density on carbon storage. The results revealed that: (1) Grassland predominated the land use types on the Tibetan Plateau, with most types having a stability of over 70%, whereas significant changes were observed in the western Tibet Autonomous Region and southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (2) Carbon storage on the Tibetan Plateau generally followed a tendency towards an initial decrease followed by an increase, with an average annual reduction of 50,107,371.79 Mg. The SSP1-2.6 scenario demonstrated the most substantial increase in carbon storage, being 18 times the natural trend, while the SSP5-8.5 scenario indicated the largest decrease. (3) Over the two decades, NDVI emerged as the most influential driver of carbon storage on the Tibetan Plateau, which was maintained at around 0.4, with the interaction between NDVI and NDWI exerting the strongest driving force, which was maintained at around 0.45. The conversion to forestland and grassland was the primary factor accounting for the change in carbon storage. Based on these results, despite the absence of empirical carbon density data, the SSP1-2.6 scenario could be regarded as a reference pathway for carbon storage changes on the Tibetan Plateau. Solely focusing on enhancing carbon storage by converting low-carbon land uses to high-carbon land uses is misguided; sustainable development represents the optimal approach for augmenting carbon storage on the Tibetan Plateau.
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